Factors contributing to the development of aluminum resistance in the Madeiran maize germplasm
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Forty genotypes representing maize genetic diversity from the Island of Madeira were screened for resistance to aluminum (Al) in nutrient solution. Seeds of maize were obtained from local farmers from field plots spread around the island in a range of altitudes from 99 to 1000 m above sea level. The content of ionic aluminum and the pH of soils cultivated with maize were determined. The mean pH value of all examined soils was 4.9, while the mean ionic Al content was 0.76 cmol kg –1 . Seventy‐two hours (h) exposure to 100 and 200 μM Al followed by a 48 h recovery period of 4‐day old seedlings revealed significant differences in Al resistance in the Madeiran maize germplasm. Root survival and regrowth exceeding 80 % of the seedlings were observed in 22 and 8 of the tested genotypes screened at 100 and 200 μM Al in nutrient solution. High Al resistance among Madeiran maize genotypes appeared not to be associated with the lower pH of soil, and did not correlate with the amount of soil Al 3+ or the altitude at the site of collection. The high level of Al resistance of the maize cultivars indicates an initial genetic trait enhanced by open pollination of maize.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".