Conversion of the PS complex as LHC proton pre-injector
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be supplied with protons from the injector chain Linac2-PS Booster (PSB)-PS-SPS. The required transverse beam brilliance (intensity/emittance) is almost twice that of current PS beams and the LHC bunch spacing of 25 ns must be impressed on the beam before its transfer to the SPS. The scheme involves new RF harmonics in the PSB and the PS, an increase of the PSB energy, and two-batch filling of the PS. After a successful test of the main ingredients, a project for converting the PS complex was launched in 1994. Major additions are: (i) h=1 RF systems in the PSB, (ii) upgrading of the PSB main magnet supply from 1 to 1.4 GeV operation, (iii) new magnets, septa, power supplies, kicker pulsers for the PSB-PS beam transfer, (iv) 40 and 80 MHz systems in the PS, (v) beam profile measurement devices with improved resolution. A significant part of the effort is being provided by TRIUMF under the Canada-CERN co-operation agreement on the LHC.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it