Periodicity of increment formation in otoliths of overwintering postlarval and prejuvenile Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hypotheses of fi shery recruitment pro cesses often have as their foundation studies of incremental otolith growth (e.g. Methot, 1983; Rice et al., 1987). Conclusions from these studies, however, are only as robust as their baseline otolith validation work. This is especially true for investigations on Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus), an estuarine-dependent, marine-migratory clupeid ranging from southeastern Florida to Nova Scotia (Reintjes, 1969; Ahrenholz, 1991). The spawning season for Atlantic menhaden is protracted, occurring wherever fi sh of spawning age are found (Judy and Lewis, 1983). Spawning is probably greatest from October to March (Higham and Nicholson, 1964). The spawning activity that occurs in south coastal U.S. waters normally occurs within this time period, usually peaking during midto late winter (Wilkens and Lewis, 1971; Nicholson, 1972). Owing to the extended spawn and seasonal movement of spawning adults, progeny from different temporal spawning periods experience different environmental conditions during similar early life history stages. Daily age validation studies have been conducted on late larvae and juvenile Atlantic menhaden (Ahrenholz et al., 1995), but none of the specimens were reared in a water temperature regime that typifi ed conditions experienced by fall-spawned larvae. Fall-spawned larvae enter inshore nurseries when estuarine waters are cooling, yet still warm enough for moderate somatic growth and development. These young fi sh then endure the coldest winter temperatures in a partially transformed condition, i.e. in a postlarval-prejuvenile stage. In contrast, larvae of winter and early spring spawnings ingress into Periodicity of increment formation in otoliths of overwintering postlarval and prejuvenile Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.053 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".