Effect Of Plant Structure, Host Density And Foraging Duration On Host Finding By<i>Trichogramma evanescens</i>(Hymenoptera:Trichogrammatidae)
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract While searching for hosts on plants, female parasitoids meet different plant structures and host densities that will influence their host finding success. In this study, we determined whether plant structure, host density, and foraging duration influenced the percentage of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller eggs parasitized by Trichogramma evanescens Westwood. One female was introduced to forage either 4 or 24 h on artificial plants of three different structures (simple, intermediate, and complex) on which 4 or 16 host eggs were glued. Plant structure influenced rate of parasitism in both foraging durations, whereas host density was found to be significant only when female had 4 h to forage. Mean rate of parasitism generally decreased with an increase in complexity of plant structure and host density in both foraging durations. Almost twice as many eggs were parasitized on simple plants compared with complex plants for all host densities and foraging durations. Overall, female parasitoids parasitized, on average, <1 egg/h, except when they foraged 4 h in the presence of 16 eggs. Plant structure therefore affects host-encountering success. Physical structure of a plant mediates ecological interactions and is involved in parasitoid-host population dynamics. It operates by increasing costs associated with host finding.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it