Cost Effectiveness of Egg Oiling Versus Culling for Reducing Fish Consumption by Double-crested Cormorants in Lac La Biche, Alberta
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Increasing populations of Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) throughout North America have had a significant impact on fish resources in areas where they breed. A simple Excel model was used to assess the effectiveness of lethal control methods in reducing fish consumed by a breeding population of cormorants. Egg oiling was found to reduce seasonal fish consumption by an average of 504 ± 75 (SD) metric tonnes (N = 3) while culling reduced consumption by 280 ± 205 (SD) tons (N = 3). Cost-effectiveness of each method was also assessed using values from a control program in Lac La Biche, Alberta, Canada. Egg oiling cost an average of CDN$5.26 ± 0.84 (SD; N = 3) for each ton of fish saved from consumption by cormorants and culling cost $36.14 ± 8.90 (SD; N = 3). While culling alone is capable of controlling consumption by adult and young-of-the-year cormorants, egg oiling provides a practical and cost-effective alternative for management of ground-nesting cormorants when used in combination or when culling is not available as a management option.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it