Bibliographic record
Abstract
We appreciate the comments of Mr Velissaris on our paper about hemodynamic changes during off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery. We agree on the fact that thermodilution cardiac output catheters (TCOC) are suboptimal means to look at homodynamic changes. Assessing hemodynamics during off-pump surgery is not an easy task. In several specific moments during off-pump coronary grafting, hemodynamic parameters are susceptible to be affected. These occur during myocardial mobilization, stabilizer application, blood flow interruption if no endoluminal shunts are used, and finally at the end of the period of ischemia. We chose to assess these parameters before mobilization and at the end of the period of ischemia since this is where the maximal variations are expected. The delay between the positioning and the termination of the anastomosis is generally longer than 10 min. It is likely then that TCOC must have recorded hemodynamic parameters quite representative of the reality. We did try on two occasions the epiaortic ultrasonic probe, but we find it cumbersome to install and potentially harmful for the pulmonary artery during the verticalization of the heart. We believe that with experience this could be overcome. We achieve relatively good preservation of the cardiac index during grafting of the marginal artery and we strongly believe this is in relation with the technique of mobilization that we used. Very early in our experience we developed a full mobilization of the posterior wall with four pericardial traction sutures anchored very closely to the pericardial reflection (less than 1 cm from the base of the heart). We applied this technique systematically on every case. It allows the verticalization of the apex without creating ventricular distortion contrary to using the apex suction whereby the maximal stress is put on the ventricular wall during mobilization. We believe that the latter is more susceptible to increase ventricular dysfunction especially in patients with already poor ejection fraction. Then with a gentle application of the stabilizer, hemodynamics can be maintained. Of course, a restrictive diastolic disease of the right ventricle is artificially created during this maneuver susceptible to impede the venous return. This is why Trendelenburg positioning as well as α-agonists are necessary in increasing the venous hydrostatic pressure and re-establishing the ventricular preload. Unfortunately, in this series, we did not assess the tricuspid valve by trans-esophageal echocardiography. We agree that real-time cardiac output monitoring is the most promising technique for dynamic evaluation of hemodynamic changes during OPCAB surgery. We look forward to learning more about it.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.030 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.043 | 0.041 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".