Hepatotoxicity Associated with Antiretroviral Therapy Containing Dual versus Single Protease Inhibitors in Individuals Coinfected with Hepatitis C Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To determine the rates of patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) who discontinued therapy as a result of protease inhibitor (PI)-related hepatotoxicity, a retrospective review was conducted. Baseline CD4 counts, plasma HIV RNA levels, and duration of therapy were comparable between single- and dual-PI-treated subjects and between subjects receiving ritonavir-containing therapy and those receiving ritonavir-sparing therapy. The proportions of patients with elevations in alanine aminotransferase level to > or =5 times the upper limit of normal (19% versus 26%) and hyperbilirubinemia (30% versus 38%) were similar between the dual-PI (n=27) and single-PI treatment groups (n=39), respectively. No difference in these characteristics was observed between ritonavir-containing (n=34) and ritonavir-sparing (n=32) treatment arms. Rates of treatment discontinuation due to hepatotoxicity were similar for single-PI and dual-PI therapy and for ritonavir-containing and ritonavir-sparing regimens. Dual-PI therapy and inclusion of ritonavir do not seem to increase the rates of hepatotoxicity in PI-treated, HIV-HCV coinfected subjects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".