Sea surface height changes in the North Atlantic Ocean related to the North Atlantic Oscillation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Interannual sea surface height (SSH) variability as measured by the Topex/Poseidon satellite altimeters is investigated for the North Atlantic Ocean between 1992 and 1998. The SSH variability exhibits a basin‐wide coherent dipole structure between the subtropical and the subpolar North Atlantic. The SSH dipole pattern changed sign between 1995 and 1996, coinciding with a change of sign of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The large‐scale SSH pattern is reproduced with an ocean general circulation model, and can be traced back to changes in the atmospheric forcing related to the NAO. The model reveals that the interannual SSH anomalies are mainly caused by changes in the oceanic heat transport which are connected with the response of the large‐scale ocean circulation to changes in the wind stress curl. Variations in the local heat flux reinforce these SSH anomalies but are of minor importance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".