Pharmaceutical Care in Community Pharmacies: Practice and Research in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To discuss the provision of pharmaceutical care in community pharmacies in Canada including the following topics: organization and delivery of health services, health service policy, methods of payment, types of pharmacy services provided, types of cognitive pharmacy services, research in community pharmacy, and future plans for community pharmacy services. DATA SYNTHESIS: The implementation of pharmaceutical care in Canadian community pharmacies continues to become more widespread. However, barriers to the provision of pharmaceutical care still exist, including the current shortage of pharmacists and lack of reimbursement systems for cognitive services. Evidence of the value of pharmaceutical care in Canadian community pharmacies has been supported by several pharmacy practice research projects. The pharmacist's role in patient care is expected to continue to expand. CONCLUSIONS: Although Canadian pharmacists' capabilities are not yet universally recognized and applied to their full potential, there is reason to be optimistic about the future of pharmaceutical care in the community setting in Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".