Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in children using the AQUARIUS™
Bibliographic record
Abstract
1Division of Nephrology and 2Pediatric Critical Care Unit, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is the preferred choice for blood purification and volume control in critically ill children [1,2]. The reported overall survival rate for children requiring CRRT is 60% [3], and mortality in infants is comparable with that of older children and adolescents [4]. It is imperative in paediatric CRRT that equipment be adaptable to accommodate large variations in size (2–100 kg). Until recently at the Hospital for Sick Children, CRRT was provided using the PRISMA™ (Gambro AB, Stockholm, Sweden) circuits designed for adult use. A ‘Hot-Line™’(Smiths-Level 1 Inc., Rockland, MA) blood warmer prevented hypothermia but increased the extracorporeal circuit volume by 25 ml, which then exceeded 10% of the blood volume for patients weighing <15 kg. The PRISMA M10™, a 50 ml paediatric circuit, reduced the weight for a blood prime to ≤8 kg, but we elected not to use it given its limited functional capabilities based on product specifications. The PRISMA™ haemofilter AN69 membrane is associated with a ‘bradykinin release phenomenon’ on contact with acidotic blood including a blood prime [5], producing transient, but potentially life-threatening cardiovascular instability [6,7]. Protocols to overcome this, incorporating administration of large doses of alkali and calcium to the patient [8], are labour-intensive and were, in our experience, largely unsuccessful.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".