Space-time variability of carbon standing stocks and fixation rates in the Gulf of Maine, along the GNATS transect between Portland, ME, USA, and Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Gulf of Maine North Atlantic Time Series has been run since 1998 and is the longest transect time series in the Gulf of Maine (GoM), USA. Here we use this coastal time series to document the space–time variability of hydrography, nutrients, phytoplankton standing stocks and carbon fixation in the GoM, in response to several years of extreme river discharge. We hypothesize that, during wet years, fresh water input capped the surface euphotic layer, impeding the upward diffusion of nutrients, thus lowering the phytoplankton biomass and carbon fixation rates. Regional algorithms were derived to estimate particulate organic carbon and carbon fixation. The Howard–Yoder algorithm was implemented to predict integral primary production using satellite ocean color data. Calcification was significantly correlated to primary production, thus allowing regional, satellite-derived calcification estimates. Total GoM and Georges Bank phytoplankton photosynthesis was 38.12 Tg C year−1 and total calcification was 0.55 Tg C year−1, yielding an overall ratio of calcification to photosynthesis of 1.44%. Carbon fixation in GoM coastal water (<60 m bottom depth), GoM deep water (>60 m) and Georges Bank waters (<60 m) averaged 33, 56 and 11% of the total primary production of the combined GoM and Georges Bank study area, respectively, and 22, 67 and 11% of the total calcification of the study area, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.012 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".