MétaCan
Menu
Back to cohort
Record W2172193630

The United States and Africa: Cybernetic Foreign Policy, Continental Decline

2004· article· en· W2172193630 on OpenAlexvenueno aff
Larry A. Swatuk

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of military and strategic studies · 2004
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicGlobal Peace and Security Dynamics
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsGrand strategyForeign policyPeacekeepingArgument (complex analysis)Political economyEconomicsWashington ConsensusPolitical scienceDevelopment economicsPoliticsLaw and economicsPublic administrationLaw
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

A broad divergence between rhetoric and reality characterizes U.S. Africa policy through time. Given Africa's relatively marginal place in U.S. global strategy, a policy of minimum risk/minimum expense is considered sufficient for American interests. Africa is important only in so far as instability on the continent assists America's enemies and contributes to global terror. Secondarily, Africa is seen to be an untapped market for U.S. goods and services, but this is more potential than real. In consequence, a relatively unoriginal package of aid 'products' is available to the continent: money for peacekeeping, HIV/AIDS, good governance, education and health, regional peace and security. Where problems increase or persist, a bit more money is made available. This I label “cybernetic foreign policy making”, a heuristic meant to impart a sense of the virtually automatic way in which U.S. policy reacts to events on the continent. It is the central argument of this essay that such policy making and practice does more harm than good. This is because the underlying assumption - that liberal politics and economics can be pushed simultaneously - runs against historical fact. There are positive policy options available - debt forgiveness, access to U.S. markets - but these run counter to American grand strategy. U.S. Africa policy therefore contributes to continental instability, but as long as this is 'low level', a policy based largely on containment is all that should be expected.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.262
Threshold uncertainty score0.519

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.035
GPT teacher head0.312
Teacher spread0.276 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations2
Published2004
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

Explore more

Same venueJournal of military and strategic studiesSame topicGlobal Peace and Security DynamicsFrench-language works237,207