Right and Left Atrial Dissimilarities in Normal Subjects Explored by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Atrial function is an important contributor of ventricular function and has a prognostic role in various cardiovascular diseases. We tested the hypothesis that right and left atrial (RA & LA) function may not be equal despite their accommodating identical cardiac output. METHODS: Two-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking echocardiography was acquired from the apical four-chamber view in 100 normal subjects. Both RA/LA subendocardial borders were traced to obtain atrial volumes, strain (ε) and strain rate (SR). Reservoir, conduit, and booster pump functions were evaluated. Consequently, εNeg (corresponding to pump function) and εPos (corresponding to conduit function) were gauged. The SR parameters (SRLateNeg, SRPos, and SREarlyNeg), corresponding respectively to atrial systole, inception of ventricular systole, and inception of ventricular diastole, were measured. RESULTS: Mean age was 39 ± 15 years with 50 men (50%). Volumetric indices revealed that reservoir (Filling Volume = 35.1 ± 10.4 mL for LA vs. 27.47 ± 11.93 mL for RA, expansion index = 52.18 ± 16.89% for LA vs. 45.03 ± 16.49% for RA and diastolic emptying index = 52.85 ± 16.85 for LA vs. 45.62 ± 16.5 for RA, P < 0.001) and conduit (passive emptying (%) of total emptying = 34.49 ± 10.4 for LA vs. 26.82 ± 11.98 for RA and passive emptying index = 52.63 ± 16.86 for LA vs. 45.39 ± 16.5 for RA, P < 0.001) functions were significantly higher in the LA compared to the RA. Nevertheless, deformation indices demonstrated an opposite pattern (SRpos = 1.88 ± 0.74 for RA vs. 1.56 ± 0.54 for LA, P = 0.03 and εPos = 59.56 ± 30.63 for RA vs. 45.94 ± 16.67 for LA, P < 0.001). Reservoir, conduit, and booster pump functions showed no statistical significance among both genders. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of global and regional RA/LA function by speckle tracking echocardiography is feasible. The current report provides insights regarding dissimilarities between both atria in healthy individuals. The significance of these findings and their potential application will warrant further work.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it