Interventions to Increase Dairy Consumption in Adolescents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective. Effective interventions are needed to address the reported inadequacies of dairy product and calcium (Ca) intakes among adolescents. The present review investigated interventions aimed at increasing adolescent dairy and/or Ca intakes and determined the characteristics associated with successful interventions. Design. A PRISMA systematic review search identified 17 interventions, described in 16 publications, between 1993 and 2015 (February). Studies were evaluated for population, delivery, dietary targets and outcomes measures, measure of intervention intensity, use of behavior change techniques, intervention effectiveness, and effect size and quality. Setting. Interventions targeting an increase in dairy food or Ca intake, either exclusively or in combination with other dietary modifications. Subjects. Adolescents, aged 12 to 18 years. Results. Twelve of the 17 interventions were found to be effective. Effective interventions tended to be higher in overall intensity (mean intensity: negative interventions 12.2, positive interventions 14.25), with the most notable difference in the duration category, such that effective interventions tended to be longer in duration. The number of behavior change techniques applied did not differentiate effective and ineffective interventions, but prompting the review of behavioral goals and including interviews or brief counseling appeared to be important for effective interventions. Effective interventions tended to have higher methodological quality, while the majority of ineffective interventions were qualitatively assessed as weak. Conclusions. The current review has identified characteristics of effective interventions that offer insight into promising strategies likely to increase dairy consumption and Ca intakes in countries where adolescent intake is insufficient. These findings may have important implications for future intervention design.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.020 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".