The Role of Binocular Vision during the Performance of Complex Manipulation Skills
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The overall goal for this thesis was to examine the significance of binocular vision during the performance of complex manipulation tasks in visually-normal children and adults. The goal of study 1 was to examine the age-related contribution of binocular vision to the performance of manipulation skills. Healthy children (n=58, age: 5-13 years) and adults (n=19, age:17-38 years) performed two manipulation tasks: peg-board and bead-threading, under randomized viewing conditions (binocular, right and left-eye monocular). The main outcome measure was movement time to complete the task. Results showed that the contribution of binocular vision differs based on age (i.e., greater in children) and on the task (i.e., greater in the bead-threading task). \nIn study 2, the goal was to examine the significance of binocular vision during the performance of complex manipulation tasks in children with learning difficulties. Thus, the performance of fine motor skills was compared among children with learning difficulties (n=19, age: 5-12 years) and their age-matched peers tested in study 1. Results showed that children with learning difficulties were significantly slower than their peers on the bead-threading task, but performed similarly to their peers on the peg-board task. \nThe aim of study 3 was to characterize the role of binocular vision in the performance of manipulation tasks involving tool use in visually-normal adults. Healthy adults (n=36, age: 17-38 years) performed five manipulation tasks (bead-threading, peg-board with fingers, and with tweezers, precision pointing with a tool, and picking up a target using a hook-tool) during binocular and monocular viewing. Results showed that binocular vision provides critical sensory input when the task involves precise manipulation of small objects, either when using hands directly or when using a tool to pick up the object. \nThis thesis has two main conclusions. First, the importance of binocular vision for the performance of manipulation skills is highly dependent on the task. An important implication of this work is that a binocular visual screening is recommended for persons whose occupation requires manipulation of small object. Second, the ability to perform skilful manipulations improves significantly during development and our results indicate that normal binocular vision plays an important role in this process. Furthermore, the performance of fine motor skills differentiates between children with and without learning difficulties. Based on these results, including an assessment of fine motor skills in children with abnormal binocular vision and children with learning difficulties is highly recommended
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".