Research Aircraft Observations and Numerical Simulations of a Warm Front Approaching Vancouver Island
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The mesoscale structure of the low-level flow and the character of the turbulence are investigated for a warm front as it approached the prominent terrain of the Pacific Northwest in the vicinity of Vancouver Island. Flight-level and airborne Doppler radar measurements collected from a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration P-3 research aircraft on 9 December 1995 during the Coastal Observation and Simulation with Topography experiment and high-resolution numerical simulations, performed with the Naval Research Laboratory's nonhydrostatic Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) model, have been used to document the warm front as it approached the coast and the structure of cool air trapped along Vancouver Island. This air mass was capped by a flat, thin transition zone of enhanced static stability and vertical wind shear. The flow within the trapped air mass was oriented parallel to the terrain of Vancouver Island, but appears to have been more an outflow from the Strait of Juan de Fuca than a barrier jet. Model sensitivity experiments suggest that the cold air that exited from the strait and the steep topography of Vancouver Island acted in concert to impede the northward movement of the front and steepen it near the surface. A wind speed maximum near the exit of the Strait of Juan de Fuca was consistent with transcritical expansion fan behavior. Both the observations from the gust probe system on the P-3, and output from COAMPS, indicate that the turbulent kinetic energy at low levels was relatively weak in the warm sector, moderate in the frontal zone, and strongest in the trapped flow near Vancouver Island.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".