CORRELATED GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF JUVENILE SPECTACLED EIDERS: EVIDENCE OF HABITAT LIMITATION?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We studied the growth andsurvival of Spectacled Eider (Somateriafischeri) ducklings to30 days of age along the lower KashunukRiver on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta from 1995 to2000. We replicated this study at a second site,Kigigak Island, in 1999 and 2000. Age-adjustedestimates of duckling mass and survival at30 days posthatching were highly variable.Duckling survival was consistently higher onKigigak Island in 1999 and 2000, averaging67%, while survival on the Kashunuk Riveraveraged 45% during the same time period.Duckling survival was negatively related tohatching date. At the Kashunuk River site our datasupported models that indicated age-adjusted massvaried with habitat type and declined with hatchingdate. Ducklings from Kashunuk River were heavier in1999, while ducklings from Kigigak Island wereheavier in 2000. However, we found a positivecorrelation between 30-day duckling survival andage-adjusted mass, suggesting a localizedenvironmental effect on both parameters. Weconclude that predation may be the proximatemechanism of mortality, but habitat conditions arelikely the ultimate factors influencing ducklingsurvival. Geographic variation in rates of ducklingsurvival and apparent growth suggest that spatialheterogeneity in population vital rates isoccurring at multiple levels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".