Reproductive interference between Nehalennia damselfly species
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We tested the hypotheses that reproductive interference between 2 congeneric damselfly species influences their local population densities and the female morph ratios in one of the species. Nehalennia irene has 2 female types (andromorph and gynomorph), whereas N. gracilis exhibits only one female type. Andromorphic N. irene females not only resemble conspecific males in body coloration, but also resemble heterospecific females of N. gracilis. We predicted male N. irene to be most attracted to gynomorphs of N. irene and male N. gracilis to be least attracted to them. Further, if N. gracilis males harass andromorphic N. irene females excessively, then they may reduce andromorph frequencies of N. irene locally. Our results indicate hybridization to be prevented by a “lock-and-key” mechanism, but male N. irene often attempt mating with female N. gracilis. Contrary to prediction, andromorph frequency in N. irene did not depend on whether N. irene populations were in sympatry or allopatry with N.gracilis. As predicted, N. irene males attempted tandem formation most frequently with conspecific gynomorphs, while N. gracilis males made most heterospecific tandem attempts on N. irene andromorphs. Collectively, our results suggest that N. gracilis females may be frequently harassed by N. irene males, and that this may help explain the relative rarity of N. gracilis.Nomenclature: Walker, 1953.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".