Surface Delays for Gases Dispersing in the Atmosphere
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
When a particle descends beneath the (nominal) lower boundary of the atmosphere, it may remain there for some time τ before it reemerges into the (resolved) flow. In particle trajectory models, τ is the random duration of unresolved trajectory segments, below the height zr at which an artificial reflection boundary condition is applied. By computing such paths, for realistic near-ground flows, it was found that the mean delay per reflection is τ ≈ 2.5zr/σw where σw is the standard deviation of the vertical velocity at zr. The corresponding mean alongwind displacement per reflection, due to the mean horizontal wind u(z) below zr, is δ ≈ 〈u | zr〉 τ, where 〈u | zr〉 is the height average of u in the waiting layer. The fluctuating component of the horizontal wind causes no mean drift but upon each reflection contributes a random drift whose root-mean-square value is σδ ≈ 2zr. From simulations on the continental scale, with a lower boundary placed at zr ≈ 25 m, it was found that a typical particle suffered about 15 reflections per day, resulting in a net delay on the order of 30 min per day.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it