LARGE-SCALE GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN SONGS OF GAMBEL'S WHITE-CROWNED SPARROWS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An earlier study failed to find dialects in the songs of male Gambel's White-crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii) in Alaska. We recorded songs of males at five localities over a much greater portion of the subspecies' range, spanning 2250 km east to west and 1650 km north to south. On this scale, distinct geographical variants are evident, based on the song's terminal phrase and the fine details of other phrases. In White-crowned Sparrows, the extent of dialects is apparently positively correlated with the distance migrated by the subspecies; a demographic variable such as survivorship or natal philopatry likely results in this link. Variación Geográfica a Gran Escala en el Canto de Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii Resumen. Un estudio anterior no encontró dialectos en los cantos de machos de Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii en Alaska. Nosotros grabamos cantos en cinco localidades a través de un área de 2250 km este-oeste por 1650 km norte-sur, que abarca una gran parte del área de distribución de la subespecie. A esta escala, es evidente una clara variación geográfica, basada en la parte terminal de los cantos, y en detalles de las otras frases. En esta especie, la extension geográfica de los dialectos aparentemente está correlacionada de manera positiva con la distancia de migración de las subespecies. Esta correlación tal vez sea producto de factores demográficos como la supervivencia o de filopatría.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".