Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene and rapid-cycling bipolar disorder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We have previously reported the Val66Met and GT(n) repeat polymorphisms of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene to be associated with bipolar disorder. However, these findings have not been replicated consistently. AIMS: To dissect the association of the BDNF gene with bipolar disorder by examining additional markers at the DNA level and by testing the illness categories of bipolar disorder I and II and rapid cycling. METHOD: We performed a family-based association study and haplotype analyses with 312 nuclear families using four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the Val66Met and GT(n) repeat polymorphisms. RESULTS: The SNPs hCV11592756 and rs2049045, the Val66Met and GT(n) were significantly associated with bipolar disorder using transmission disequilibrium analyses (P=0.02, 0.009, 0.001 and 0.008 respectively). The effect atthese markers was mainly driven by the rapid-cycling patients. CONCLUSIONS: Within bipolar disorder, variation in the BDNF gene appears to predict risk for developing rapid cycling according to DSM-IV. Incorporating this clinical sub-phenotyping into other studies of the BDNF gene may help to resolve some of the inconsistencies reported thus far concerning BDNF and bipolar disorder.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".