Effects of vagal denervation on cardiorespiratory and behavioral responses in the newborn lamb
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recently, Wong et al. (Wong KA, Bano A, Rigaux A, Wang B, Bharadwaj B, Schurch S, Green F, Remmers JE, and Hasan SU, J Appl Physiol 85: 849-859, 1998) demonstrated that fetal lambs that have undergone vagal denervation prenatally do not establish adequate alveolar ventilation shortly after birth. In their study, however, vagal denervation was performed prenatally and the deleterious effects of vagal denervation on breathing patterns and gas exchange could have resulted from the prenatal actions of the neurotomy. To quantify the relative roles of pre- vs. postnatal vagal denervation on control of breathing, we studied 14 newborn lambs; 6 were sham operated, and 8 were vagally denervated below the origin of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Postoperatively, all denervated animals became hypoxemic and seven of eight succumbed to respiratory failure. In vagally denervated lambs, expiratory time increased, whereas respiratory rate, minute ventilation, and lung compliance decreased compared with the sham-operated animals. In the early postoperative period, the frequency of augmented breaths was lower but gradually increased over time in the denervated vs. sham-operated group. The dynamic functional residual capacity was significantly higher than the passive functional residual capacity among the sham-operated group compared with the denervated group. No significant differences were observed in the prevalence of various sleep states and in the amount of total phospholipids or large- and small-aggregate surfactants between the two groups. We provide new evidence indicating that intrauterine actions of denervation are not required to explain the effects of vagal denervation on postnatal survival. Our data suggest that vagal input is critical in the maintenance of normal breathing patterns, end-expiratory lung volume, and gas exchange during the early neonatal period.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".