A Study of the Solid-Electrolyte-Interface (SEI) of ZnMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>: A Conversion-Type Anode Material for Li-Ion Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The formation of a stable solid-electrolyte interface, SEI, is very crucial for the successful cycling of anode materials in Li-ion batteries. There is little known about the SEI layer formed at the surface of conversion-type anode materials in general and at the very high capacity ZnMn 2 O 4 spinel anode material. In this work, Li-ion half-cells with ZnMn 2 O 4 electrodes are assembled and tested at different conditions (cycling, temperature and the nature of the electrolyte) and the surface layer is examined by ex situ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) in the delithiated state. It is found that the SEI formed at ZnMn 2 O 4 varies with composition but mostly composed of inorganic and organic components, similar to those observed for graphite. However, changes to the C 1s and O 1s spectra with cycling are not significant to correlate the extra reversible capacity to a polymer-like organic origin but rather to the presence of inorganic species such as LiF and Li x PF y O z as evidenced by changes in the F 1s, P 2p and Li 1s spectra.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".