Tree-Ring Reconstruction of High-Magnitude Snow Avalanches in the Northern Gaspé Peninsula, Québec, Canada
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In eastern Canada, snow avalanches are a common phenomenon, but their occurrences remain poorly documented. In the last 30 yr, they were responsible for deaths and damage to property and forests in avalanche-prone areas in northern and eastern Québec. This study provides tree-ring–based avalanche chronologies for three scree slope stands in the northern Gaspé Peninsula (Québec). Tree-ring records indicated that high-magnitude avalanches occurred seven times during the period from 1860 to 1997, i.e., in 1871, 1898, 1952, 1956, 1966, 1977, and 1996, with 5- to 15-yr return intervals for the period between 1939 and 1997. High-magnitude avalanches occurred during snowy winters, with total snowfall well above average (330 cm). According to the size of past runout zones established from damaged trees at the main study stand, snow avalanches were greater in 1956 and 1966 than in 1996. The 1996 avalanche area was about 16,600 m2 of which 60% (10,000 m2) was covered with mature trees. It caused a ∼200-m recession of the tree line. Causal factors of snow avalanches including weather conditions and stand characteristics were also examined.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it