A New Species of Copepoda (Thaumatopsyllidae) Symbiotic with a Brittle Star from California, U.S.A., and Designation of a New Order Thaumatopsylloida
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new species of thaumatopsyllid copepod, Caribeopsyllus amphiodiae, is described based on adult specimens reared from nauplii inhabiting the stomach of a burrowing, amphiurid brittle star, Amphiodia urtica (Lütken), collected in California, U.S.A. It is the first member of the family to be reported from the eastern Pacific Ocean. Caribeopsyllus chawayi, its only known congener, inhabits the Caribbean Sea. All other thaumatopsyllid species occur in the eastern hemisphere. Caribeopsyllus amphiodiae is only the second thaumatopsyllid of which both sexes and sexual dimorphism have been described and for which a host species has been identified. Caribeopsyllus differs from confamilial genera by the presence of a 1-segmented leg 4 exopod. The new species is distinguished from C. chawayi by its general habitus, and by the absence of spiniform processes at the base of each exopodal spine of leg 1 and the first three exopodal spines of leg 2. Analysis of the phylogenetic relationships of Thaumatopsyllidae shows that it is not a member of any of the other previously established orders of Copepoda. Accordingly, a new order, Thaumatopsylloida, is proposed to accommodate the five species of thaumatopsyllids thus far reported and is shown to be a member of a Thaumatopsylloida-Monstrilloida-Siphonostomatoida clade.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".