In’ or ‘as’ space?: a model of complexity, with philosophical, simulatory, and empirical ramifications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A General Systems model based on ideas originating with the writings of Benedict de Spinoza is described, starting with its philosophical underpinnings and proceeding on to its relation to modern systems concepts, including attempts to simulate the relationships posed and measure real-world structures.Central to the idea is the notion that spatial extension may not have a prior existence but emerges only through an entropy maximization process in which information and energy exchange is balanced among some limited number of subsystems that in sum comprise any given functioning complex system.Related published empiricism concerning geographical/geological systems -the hypsometry of stream basins and overall internal zonation properties of earth structure -is briefly described; the former, especially, reveals a hierarchical pattern of potential energy relations that seems to fit well the organizational hypothesis.Possible applications of the model to genomic codon and medical imaging modeling are alluded to.A brief treatment of the relation of the model to basic properties of complex systems (connectivity, autonomy, emergence, etc.) is provided.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".