Remote alongshore winds drive variability of the <scp>C</scp>alifornia <scp>U</scp>ndercurrent off the <scp>B</scp>ritish <scp>C</scp>olumbia‐<scp>W</scp>ashington coast
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The California Undercurrent transports warm, salty, nutrient‐rich, oxygen‐depleted water along the continental slope from the equatorial Pacific to the Aleutian Islands. We use multiyear acoustic Doppler current profiler records collected simultaneously at two mooring sites off Vancouver Island to detail the regional structure of the undercurrent and to show that much of its variability is attributable to the passage of remotely forced, coastal‐trapped waves. We also document two subsurface currents missed by earlier current measurements. The undercurrent becomes evident in spring, intensifies through summer and fall, and merges with the wind‐driven poleward surface flow in winter. During intensification at the southern mooring site (A1), the undercurrent shoals from 250 ± 50 m in early summer to 150 ± 50 m depth in late fall. At the northern site (BP2), 225 km to the northwest of A1, the current is weaker and maintains a year‐round depth of 150 ± 50 m. Temporal variability in the undercurrent velocity attains highest coherence with winds along the southern Oregon‐northern California coast, with peak coherence occurring for “synoptic” (10–40 day period) alongshore winds off Cape Blanco in southern Oregon. The undercurrent lag of 3 ± 2 days relative to the Cape Blanco winds at synoptic periods is consistent with low mode, poleward propagating, coastally trapped waves. For periods >40 days, the wind‐current coherence remains high for winds off the Oregon‐California coast but lags are often negative, indicating possible forcing by alongshore baroclinic pressure gradients. At interannual time scales, the undercurrent variations have links to climate‐scale processes in the equatorial Pacific.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".