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Observation of single top quark production and measurement of |<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mi>b</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo stretchy="false">|</mml:mo></mml:math>with CDF
T. Aaltonen, J. Adelman, B. Álvarez González, S. Amerio, D. Amidei, A. Anastassov, A. Annovi, J. Antoš, G. Apollinari, J. A. Appel, A. Apresyan, T. Arisawa, A. Artikov, J. Asaadi, W. Ashmanskas, A. Attal, A. Aurisano, F. Azfar, W. Badgett, A. Barbaro-Galtieri, V. E. Barnes, B. A. Barnett, P. Barria, P. Bartos, G. Bauer, P. H. Beauchemin, F. Bedeschi, D. Beecher, S. Behari, G. Bellettini, J. Bellinger, D. Benjamin, A. Beretvas, A. Bhatti, M. Binkley, D. Bisello, I. Bizjak, R. E. Blair, C. Blocker, B. Blumenfeld, A. Bocci, A. Bodek, V. Boisvert, D. Bortoletto, J. Boudreau, A. Boveia, B. Brau, A. Bridgeman, L. Brigliadori, C. Bromberg, E. Brubaker, J. Budagov, H. S. Budd, S. Budd, K. Burkett, G. Busetto, P. Bussey, A. Buzatu, K. L. Byrum, C. Calancha, S. Camarda, M. Campanelli, M. Campbell, F. Canelli, A. Canepa, B. Carls, D. Carlsmith, R. Carosi, S. Carrillo, S. Carron, B. Casal, M. Casarsa, A. Castro, P. Catastini, D. Cauz, V. Cavaliere, F. Šforza, A. Cerri, S. Chang, Yousheng Chen, M. Chertok, G. Chiarelli, G. Chlachidze, F. Chlebana, K. Cho, D. Chokheli, J. P. Chou, K. Chung, W. H. Chung, Y. S. Chung, T. Chwalek, C. I. Ciobanu, M. A. Ciocci, A. Clark, D. Clark, G. Compostella, M. E. Convery, J. Conway, M. Corbo, M. Cordelli, C. A. Cox, D. J. Cox, F. Crescioli, C. Cuenca Almenar, J. Cuevas, R. Culbertson, J. C. Cully, D. Dagenhart, N. d’Ascenzo, M. Datta, T. Davies, P. de Barbaro, S. De Cecco, A. Deisher, M. Dell’Orso, C. Deluca, L. Demortier, J. Deng, M. Deninno, M. d’Errico, A. Di Canto, B. Di Ruzza, J. Dittmann, M. D’Onofrio, S. Donati, P. Dong, T. Dorigo, S. Dube, K. Ebina, A. Elagin, R. Erbacher, D. Errede, S. Errede, N. Ershaidat, R. Eusebi, H. C. Fang, S. M. Farrington, W. Fedorko, R. G. Feild, M. Feindt, J. P. Fernández, C. Ferrazza, Richard Field, G. Flanagan, R. Forrest, M. J. Frank, M. Franklin, J. Freeman, I. Furic, M. Gallinaro, J. Galyardt, F. Garberson, F. García, A. F. Garfinkel, P. Garosi, H. Gerberich, D. W. Gerdes, A. Gessler, S. Giagu, V. Giakoumopoulou, P. Giannetti, K. Gibson, J. L. Gimmell, C. M. Ginsburg, N. Giokaris, M. P. Giordani, P. Giromini, M. Giunta, G. Giurgiu, V. Glagolev, D. Glenzinskí, M. Gold, N. Goldschmidt, A. Golossanov, G. Gómez, G. Gomez Ceballos, M. Goncharov, I. Gorelov, A. T. Goshaw, K. Goulianos, A. Gresele, S. Grinstein, C. Grosso-Pilcher, U. Grundler, J. Guimarães da Costa, Z. Gunay-Unalan, C. Haber, S. R. Hahn, E. Halkiadakis, B.-Y. Han, J. Y. Han, F. Happacher, K. Hara, D. Hare, M. Hare, R. Harr, M. Hartz, K. Hatakeyama, C. P. Hays, M. Heck, J. J. Heinrich, M. Herndon, X. He, S. Hewamanage, D. Hidas, C. S. Hill, D. Hirschbuehl, A. Höcker, S. Hou, M. Houlden, S.‐C. Hsu, R. E. Hughes, M. Hurwitz, U. Husemann, M. Hussein, J. Huston, J. Incandela, G. Introzzi, M. Iori, A. Ivanov, E. James, D. Jang, B. Jayatilaka, E. J. Jeon, Manoj K. Jha, S. Jindariani, W. Johnson, M. Jones, K. K. Joo, S. Y. Jun, T. R. Junk, T. Kamon, D. Kar, P. E. Karchin, Y. Kato, R. Kephart, W. Ketchum, J. Keung, V. Khotilovich, B. Kilminster, D. H. Kim, H. S. Kim, H. W. Kim, J. E. Kim, M. J. Kim, S. B. Kim, S. H. Kim, Y. K. Kim, N. Kimura, L. Kirsch, S. Klimenko, K. Kondo, D. J. Kong, J. Konigsberg, A. Korytov, A. V. Kotwal, M. Kreps, J. Kroll, D. Krop, N. Krumnack, M. Kruse, V. Krutelyov, T. Kuhr, N. P. Kulkarni, M. Kurata, S. Kwang, A. T. Laasanen, S. Lami, S. Lammel, M. Lancaster, R. L. Lander, K. Lannon, A. Lath, G. Latino, I. Lazzizzera, T. LeCompte, E. Lee, H. S. Lee, J. S. Lee, S. W. Lee, S. Leone, J. D. Lewis, C.-J. Lin, J. Linacre, M. Lindgren, E. Lipeles, A. Lister, D. O. Litvintsev, C. Liu, Tao Liu, A. Loginov, L. Lovas, D. Lucchesi, J. Lueck, P. Lujan, P. Lukens, G. Lungu, J. Lys, R. Lysák, D. MacQueen, R. Madrak, K. Maeshima, K. Makhoul, P. Maksimovic, S. Malde, S. Malik, G. Manca, A. Manousakis-Katsikakis, F. Margaroli, C. P. Marino, A. Martin, M. Martı́nez, R. Mart́ínez-Ballaŕın, P. Mastrandrea, M. Mathis, M. E. Mattson, P. Mazzanti, K. S. McFarland, P. McIntyre, R. McNulty, A. Mehta, P. Mehtälä, A. Menzione, C. Mesropian, T. Miao, D. Mietlicki, N. Miladinovic, Robert F. Miller, C. Mills, M. Milnik, G. Mitselmakher, H. Miyake, S. Moêd, N. Moggi, M. N. Mondragón, C. S. Moon, R. W. Moore, M. J. Morello, J. Morlock, P. Movilla Fernandez, J. Mülmenstädt, A. Mukherjee, Th. Müller, P. Murat, M. Mussini, J. Nachtman, Y. Nagai, J. Naganoma, K. Nakamura, I. Nakano, A. Napier, J. Nett, C. Neu, M. S. Neubauer, S. Neubauer, J. Nielsen, L. Nodulman, M. Norman, O. Norniella, E. Nurse, L. Oakes, S. H. Oh, Y. D. Oh, I. Oksuzian, T. Okusawa, R. Orava, K. Österberg, S. Pagan Griso, C. Pagliarone, V. Papadimitriou, A. Papaikonomou, A. A. Paramanov, B. Parks, S. Pashapour, J. Patrick, G. Pauletta, M. Paulini, C. Paus, T. Peiffer, D. E. Pellett, A. Penzo, T. J. Phillips, G. Piacentino, E. Pianori, L. Pinera, K. Pitts, C. Plager, L. Pondrom, K. Potamianos, O. Poukhov, F. Prokoshin, A. Pronko, F. Ptohos, E. Pueschel, G. Punzi, J. Pursley, J. Rademacker, A. Rahaman, V. Ramakrishnan, N. Ranjan, I. Redondo, P. Renton, M. Renz, M. Rescigno, S. Richter, F. Rimondi, L. Ristori, A. Robson, T. Rodrigo, T. Rodriguez, E. Rogers, S. Rolli, R. Roser, M. Rossi, R. Rossin, P. Roy, A. Ruiz-Jimeno, J. Russ, V. Rusu, B. Rutherford, H. Saarikko, A. Safonov, W. K. Sakumoto, L. Santi, L. Sartori, K. Satô, V. Saveliev, A. Savoy-Navarro, P. Schlabach, A. Schmidt, E. E. Schmidt, M. A. Schmidt, M. P. Schmidt, Michael Henry Schmitt, Thomas Schwarz, L. Scodellaro, A. Scribano, F. Scuri, A. Sedov, S. Seidel, Y. Seiya, A. Semenov, L. Sexton-Kennedy, A. Sfyrla, S. Z. Shalhout, T. Shears, P. F. Shepard, M. Shimojima, S. Shiraishi, M. J. Shochet, Y. Shon, I. Shreyber, А. Симоненко, P. Sinervo, A. N. Sisakyan, A. J. Slaughter, J. Slaunwhite, K. Śliwa, J. R. Smith, F. D. Snider, R. Snihur, A. Soha, S. Somalwar, V. Sorı́n, P. Squillacioti, M. M. Stanitzki, R. St. Denis, B. Stelzer, O. Stelzer-Chilton, D. Stentz, J. Strologas, G. L. Strycker, J. S. Suh, A. Sukhanov, I. Suslov, A. Taffard, R. Takashima, Y. Takeuchi, R. Tanaka, J. Tang, M. Tecchio, P. K. Teng, J. Thom, J. Thome, G. A. Thompson, E. Thomson, P. Tipton, P. Ttito-Guzmán, S. Tkaczyk, D. Toback, S. Tokár, K. Tollefson, T. Tomura, D. Tonelli, S. Torre, D. Torretta, P. Totaro, M. Trovato, S.-Y. Tsai, Y. Tu, N. Turini, F. Ukegawa, S. Uozumi, N. van Remortel, A. Varganov, E. Vataga, F. Vázquez, G. Velev, C. Vellidis, I. Vila, M. Vogel, I. Volobouev, M. Volpi, P. Wagner, R. G. Wagner, R. L. Wagner, W. Wagner, J. Wagner-Kuhr, T. Wakisaka, R. Wallny, S. M. Wang, A. Warburton, D. Waters, M. Weinberger, J. Weinelt, W. C. Wester, B. Whitehouse, D. Whiteson, A. B. Wicklund, E. Wicklund, S. Wilbur, G. Williams, H. H. Williams, P. Wilson, B. L. Winer, P. Wittich, S. Wolbers, C. Wolfe, H. Wolfe, T. Wright, X. Wu, F. Würthwein, A. Yagil, K. Yamamoto, J. Yamaoka, U. K. Yang, Yi-Lin Yang, W.-M. Yao, G. P. Yeh, K. Yi, J. Yoh, K. Yorita, T. Yoshida, G. B. Yu, I. Yu, S. S. Yu, J. C. Yun, A. Zanetti, Y. Zeng, X. Zhang, Y. Zheng, S. Zucchelli
Bibliographic record
VenuePhysical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology · 2010
Typearticle
Languagelv
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicParticle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Canadian institutionsMcGill UniversityInstitute of Particle PhysicsSimon Fraser UniversityUniversity of TorontoTRIUMF
FundersScience and Technology Facilities CouncilNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaIstituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareNational Science CouncilFermilabU.S. Department of EnergyMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyNational Science Foundation
KeywordsPhysicsParticle physicsProduction (economics)Top quarkOrder (exchange)Standard Model (mathematical formulation)QuarkLeptonEnergy (signal processing)Sensitivity (control systems)CombinatoricsAlgorithmNuclear physicsComputer scienceMathematicsQuantum mechanics
Abstract
We report the observation of electroweak single top quark production in 3.2fb⊃-1 of pp̄ collision data collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab at √s=1.96TeV. Candidate events in the W+jets topology with a leptonically decaying W boson are classified as signal-like by four parallel analyses based on likelihood functions, matrix elements, neural networks, and boosted decision trees. These results are combined using a super discriminant analysis based on genetically evolved neural networks in order to improve the sensitivity. This combined result is further combined with that of a search for a single top quark signal in an orthogonal sample of events with missing transverse energy plus jets and no charged lepton. We observe a signal consistent with the standard model prediction but inconsistent with the background-only model by 5.0 standard deviations, with a median expected sensitivity in excess of 5.9 standard deviations. We measure a production cross section of 2.3-0.5+0.6(stat+sys)pb, extract the value of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |Vtb|=0.91-0.11+0. 11(stat+sys)±0.07(theory), and set a lower limit |Vtb|&gt;0.71 at the 95%C.L., assuming mt=175GeV/c2.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.639
Threshold uncertainty score1.000
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.022
GPT teacher head0.279
Teacher spread0.257 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
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Citations115
Published2010
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes