Abundance and Developmental Stability of<i>Pterostichus melanarius</i>(Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Organic and Integrated Pest Management Orchards of Québec, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study evaluated the agricultural impacts of organic and integrated pest management (IPM) orchards in Québec, Canada on the carabids Pterostichus melanarius Illiger (Coleoptera, Carabidae), with two biomonitors, population density and fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of morphologic and meristic characters. The carabids were trapped between May and August 1999 and 2000 in 20 pitfall traps on four organically certified orchards and five IPM farmlands located in two farming communities 100 km apart. Numbers of P. melanarius and total trap catch were assessed for each year. We measured the length of two segments of the right and left antennae, the length of first tarsae, and the number of tibiae spines on the mesothoracic leg of 50–100 individuals per site/yr. These measurements were used to calculate two fluctuating asymmetry indices to evaluate individual developmental stability. No differences in fluctuating asymmetry were found between organic and IPM orchards although total catch of P. melanarius was higher in IPM orchards in 1999. The use of fluctuating asymmetry analysis in these fields seem inadequate to assess the impact of pesticides. Density analysis give a slightly response in the opposite of the predictions because IPM orchards seem to be a more adequate habitat for this carabid species. There is a need for evaluating the impacts of natural products used in the organic cultures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".