Abundance and Species Composition of <I>Culicoides</I> (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) at Cattle Facilities in Southern Alberta, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Culicoides fauna was examined at seven feedlots and one rangeland site (Warner) in southern Alberta, Canada, during a 3-yr period. Eight species and species groups accounted for > 99% of the Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) captured. The most abundant species or groups were Culicoides gigas Root and Hoffman, Culicoides sonorensis (Wirth and Jones), Culicoides (Selfia) group, and Culicoides palmerae group. These accounted for 78-88% of the Culicoides captured, with the balance being members of the Culicoides cockerellii section, Culicoides crepuscularis Malloch, Culicoides wisconsinensis Jones, and Culicoides yukonensis Hoffman. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that the rangeland site was characterized by greater abundance of C. sonorensis and C. palmerae and lower abundance of C. (Selfia) compared with the feedlot sites. The Culicoides fauna was more dissimilar among sites as geographic distance between sites increased. Species of Culicoides captured in this study showed three broad patterns of seasonal abundance. The C. palmerae group had the earliest seasonal activity, with an increase in June, peak in July, and greatly reduced abundance thereafter. C. crepuscularis, C. (Selfia), C. wisconsinensis, and C. gigas had later periods of activity, with peak abundance in July, but moderate abundance in June and August. C. cockerellii, C. yukonensis, and C. sonorensis had the latest periods of activity, with populations increasing through June and July, peaking in August, and declining thereafter. C. sonorensis was somewhat unique on that it was the only species with moderate abundance as late as September.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".