Abundance and Species Composition of <I>Culicoides</I> (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) at Cattle Facilities in Southern Alberta, Canada
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Culicoides fauna was examined at seven feedlots and one rangeland site (Warner) in southern Alberta, Canada, during a 3-yr period. Eight species and species groups accounted for > 99% of the Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) captured. The most abundant species or groups were Culicoides gigas Root and Hoffman, Culicoides sonorensis (Wirth and Jones), Culicoides (Selfia) group, and Culicoides palmerae group. These accounted for 78-88% of the Culicoides captured, with the balance being members of the Culicoides cockerellii section, Culicoides crepuscularis Malloch, Culicoides wisconsinensis Jones, and Culicoides yukonensis Hoffman. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that the rangeland site was characterized by greater abundance of C. sonorensis and C. palmerae and lower abundance of C. (Selfia) compared with the feedlot sites. The Culicoides fauna was more dissimilar among sites as geographic distance between sites increased. Species of Culicoides captured in this study showed three broad patterns of seasonal abundance. The C. palmerae group had the earliest seasonal activity, with an increase in June, peak in July, and greatly reduced abundance thereafter. C. crepuscularis, C. (Selfia), C. wisconsinensis, and C. gigas had later periods of activity, with peak abundance in July, but moderate abundance in June and August. C. cockerellii, C. yukonensis, and C. sonorensis had the latest periods of activity, with populations increasing through June and July, peaking in August, and declining thereafter. C. sonorensis was somewhat unique on that it was the only species with moderate abundance as late as September.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it