Forest Thinning Affects Reproduction in Pine Engravers (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Breeding in Felled Lodgepole Pine Trees: Fig. 1.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Reproduction in bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) is known to be affected by abiotic factors, especially temperature, and by the quality of individual beetles. Both of these factors are affected by forest structure, yet the effects of forest structure on reproduction in bark beetles have not been widely shown in field studies. Here we investigate how changes in forest structure due to thinning of mature lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta variety latifolia Engelmann, stands affect reproduction in pine engravers, Ips pini (Say), breeding in felled trees. To do this, we excavated pine engraver gallery systems in thinned and unthinned stands at the end of the breeding season. Males in thinned stands attracted more females than in unthinned stands. Also, females in thinned stands extended their egg galleries farther, laid more eggs, and had higher egg densities than in unthinned stands. These results are consistent with increased temperatures in thinned stands, but may also be attributable to differences in individual quality resulting from easier dispersal in thinned stands. Regardless, the observed increases in reproduction likely reflect higher reproductive success in thinned stands than in unthinned stands, and the effects of thinning on population dynamics of bark beetles should be further investigated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".