Development of the First-Instar Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Development of the 1st-instar (L1) of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), was studied at different temperatures under laboratory conditions. The development process was divided into different phases based on 4 distinct events observed during L1 development: hatching of L1, construction of hibernacula, excretion of green pellets, and molt. The green substance in newly hatched L1 was found to be proteinaceous. The proportion of L1 that successfully completed development at various temperatures indicated that the optimal temperature range for L1 development was between 18 and 27°C. Larval mortality, particularly at low temperatures, occurred mainly before construction of hibernacula and excretion of green pellets. Low temperatures had a weak effect on development time from larval hatching to construction of hibernacula, but the duration of subsequent development periods were substantially increased under these temperatures. Temperature threshold (TT ≈ 6°C), degree-day requirement (DD ≈ 87), and other developmental parameters were estimated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".