Modeling contaminant transport through composite liner with a hole in the geomembrane
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Contaminant transport through a single hole in a geomembrane (GM) that forms part of composite liner with a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) for applied heads (0.3 and 1 m) and an applied pressure of about 100 kPa is modeled and compared with experimental results. The system was first permeated with distilled water until a steady state was reached. The permeant was then switched to an NaCl solution. The inferred interface transmissivity at steady state (after 280 days) is about 2.3 × 10−11 m2/s for both heads examined. After 800 days permeation with an 0.14 mol/L NaCl solution, the interface transmissivity between the geomembrane and GCL was inferred to have decreased from 2.3 × 10−11 to 1.1 × 10−11 m2/s for experiments with heads of both 0.3 and 1 m. Modeling of the flow and changes in the GCL hydraulic conductivity arising from interaction between the bentonite and the 0.14 mol/L NaCl permeant is shown to give excellent agreement with the observed leakage. The differences between modeling a uniform and nonuniform interface transmissivity is found to be small — with the leakage being dominated by the interface transmissivity 0.1 to 0.15 m from the hole in the GM. Typical published values for the diffusion coefficient for both the GCL and sandy soil are shown to give good predictions of effluent concentration with time and chloride distribution in the silty sand in contact with the composite liners at the end of the test.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".