POST-NATAL GROWTH AND BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE HOARY BAT (<i>LASIURUS CINEREUS</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Little information is available on growth rates and reproductive effort in microchiropteran bats that breed in temperate areas, are not colonial, and do not hibernate. We measured growth in individual young of the hoary bat, Lasiurus cinereus, a solitary, foliage-roosting, migratory species, and assessed growth rate using changes in forearm length. We tested the prediction that growth is slower in this than in other species because of the less stable thermal environment that adults and juveniles experience. Forearm length and mass of 1-day-old young (X̄ ± SE) were 19.11 ± 0.30 mm and 4.73 ± 0.20 g, respectively. Over 3 years, growth rate of young differed, with young growing slowest (1.14 mm/day) during the coldest year and fastest (1.45 mm/day) during the warmest year. Young were not weaned until 7 weeks of age and nearly 3 weeks after fledging and continued to gain mass over winter. Unlike other species, lactating females did not lose mass through the breeding season. Based on a Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm for nonlinear regression, the growth constant of young hoary bats (0.083 in females) is less than that documented for most other species breeding in temperate North America. Migratory habits of L. cinereus allow adults and young of the year to forage throughout winter and may be associated with slow growth in this species and production of relatively large litters in species of Lasiurus in general.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".