FOOD SUPPLY AND PARENTAL FEEDING RATES OF HOODED WARBLERS IN FOREST FRAGMENTS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We tested whether Hooded Warblers (Wilsonia citrina) experienced a smaller food supply in small versus large forest fragments in northwestern Pennsylvania. Using 16 fragments that ranged in size from 0.7 to 214 ha, we videotaped parental feeding rates to nestlings in 35 nests and sampled arthropod abundance on 24 breeding territories. Contrary to our predictions, neither feeding rate per nestling nor arthropod abundance on breeding territories was significantly less in small (<4 ha) versus large (>150 ha) fragments. Brood loss due to starvation was rare and overall nest success was not significantly less in small fragments. Similarly, prey size delivered to nestlings and arthropod size sampled on territories did not differ significantly between fragment size classes. We conclude that Hooded Warblers breeding within small forest fragments in the northwest Pennsylvania landscape do not suffer from a relatively small food supply.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".