Dispersal of wild and escapee farmed Atlantic cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i>) in Newfoundland
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inherent trait differences and changes that arise through domestication could be maladaptive and lead to negative ecological consequences when non-native individuals escape from aquaculture cages and interact with wild populations. We used acoustic telemetry to map the spatiotemporal distribution of local wild (n = 29) and “escapee” farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) (n = 52) through experimental releases off eastern Newfoundland to determine the potential for interaction. Dispersal from the cage (>600 m) was rapid (50% dispersal: 12 h for farmed; 5 h for wild) and nonrandom. Most cod (85% farmed, 55% wild) moved northward, remaining close to shore. Although recaptures of escapees during small-scale recreational and commercial fisheries was high (11% farmed; 10% wild), our results suggest that directed efforts to recapture escapees would be logistically challenging. Cod migrated a considerable distance (maximum 256 km for wild; 157 km for farmed), and some returned to the bay the following year. The similarity of the distribution of escapee farmed and wild cod suggests the potential for interactions between farmed and wild fish, highlighting the importance of minimizing escapes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".