Effects of Wild-Type and Mutant Forms of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide on Atrial Electrophysiology and Arrhythmogenesis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a hormone with numerous beneficial cardiovascular effects. Recently, a mutation in the ANP gene, which results in the generation of a mutant form of ANP (mANP), was identified and shown to cause atrial fibrillation in people. The mechanism(s) through which mANP causes atrial fibrillation is unknown. Our objective was to compare the effects of wild-type ANP and mANP on atrial electrophysiology in mice and humans. METHODS AND RESULTS: Action potentials (APs), L-type Ca(2+) currents (ICa,L), and Na(+) current were recorded in atrial myocytes from wild-type or natriuretic peptide receptor C knockout (NPR-C(-/-)) mice. In mice, ANP and mANP (10-100 nmol/L) had opposing effects on atrial myocyte AP morphology and ICa,L. ANP increased AP upstroke velocity (Vmax), AP duration, and ICa,L similarly in wild-type and NPR-C(-/-) myocytes. In contrast, mANP decreased Vmax, AP duration, and ICa,L, and these effects were completely absent in NPR-C(-/-) myocytes. ANP and mANP also had opposing effects on ICa,L in human atrial myocytes. In contrast, neither ANP nor mANP had any effect on Na(+) current in mouse atrial myocytes. Optical mapping studies in mice demonstrate that ANP sped electric conduction in the atria, whereas mANP did the opposite and slowed atrial conduction. Atrial pacing in the presence of mANP induced arrhythmias in 62.5% of hearts, whereas treatment with ANP completely prevented the occurrence of arrhythmias. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide mechanistic insight into how mANP causes atrial fibrillation and demonstrate that wild-type ANP is antiarrhythmic.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".