Study of structural, electrical, and optical properties of nickel-doped tin selenide crystals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nickel-doped tin selenide crystals can be grown using the direct vapour transport technique. This paper includes structural, electrical, and optical characterizations of SnSeNi0.2 crystals done by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX), surface microstructure topography, Hall effect measurement carried out to determine type of material, Seebeck coefficient and calculation of power factor has been carried out from the data of thermoelectric power measurements and the ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopic technique, respectively. The optical absorption spectrum was obtained in an UV-Vis–near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer in the range of 200–2500 nm. The UV-Vis spectroscopic technique has been used to calculate band gap, and the value of the band gap was found to be 0.84 eV in the visible region. Calculation of various optical parameters has been carried out.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".