Bibliographic record
Abstract
Because of anthropogenic increases in atmospheric CO(2) content, there is a need to understand how organisms sense and respond to CO(2) variation. An important distinction is whether CO(2) responses result from direct effects of CO(2) on signal-transduction pathways, enzyme catalysis, or regulatory processes, as opposed to indirect, secondary responses that are a consequence of the direct effects. In plants, direct effects occur because rising CO(2) A) increases the activity of Ribulose-1,5-bisphopshate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) via its role as a substrate for RuBP carboxylation and its inhibition of RuBP oxygenation; B) reduces stomatal aperture; C) alters mitochondrial respiration; and D) possibly reduces transcription of genes for Rubisco activase and carbonic anhydrase. Because of these direct effects, the carbon and water balance of plants is altered leading to secondary effects on growth, resource partitioning and defense compound synthesis. Reduced investment in photosynthetic protein is one of the characteristic acclimation responses of plants to high CO(2). This is modulated by increased carbohydrate levels, probably in concert with hormone signals from the roots. Roots are hypothesized to be the main control points for CO(2) acclimation because they are well situated to integrate the carbohydrate status of the plant. In higher fungi, development of the mushroom fruiting body is inhibited at high CO(2), but the mechanism is poorly known. Fungal CO(2) sensing may serve to position the spore-bearing tissue above the soil boundary layer to ensure effective spore dispersal. The animals that are most sensitive to anthropogenic CO(2) enrichment are insects. Many insects have a well-developed ability to sense CO(2) variation as a means of locating food. Unlike plants, insects have CO(2) receptors that can detect variation in CO(2) as low as 0.5 ppm. However, the sensitivity of these receptors is reduced in atmospheres with double or triple current levels of CO(2), indicating some insect species may be threatened by rising atmospheric CO(2).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".