Electrodilatometry of Liquids, Binary Liquids, and Surfactants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
When a liquid is subjected to high electric field, its volume change (ΔV) can be increased or decreased depending upon the liquid under investigation. A new technique has been developed from our laboratory to measure the relative volume change per E2 and is known as “Electrodilatometry (ED)” which may be expressed as: $$ R = \frac{{V - V_0 }} {{V_0 }}\frac{1} {{E^2 }} = \frac{{\Delta V}} {{V_0 }}\frac{1} {{E^2 }} $$ , where R is known as “Electrodilatometric Effect (EDE)”, V and V0 are the volume of liquid with and without the field, respectively. ED is one of the nonlinear effects such as electro-optic Kerr effect, the electrostriction, dielectrophoresis, nonlinear dielectric effect (NDE). Ed is found to be very sensitive to hydrogen-bonded liquids. It has been applied to study pure liquids, binary mixtures, alcohols, and non-ionic surfactants such as Triton X-100. The signs of EDE (R), Kerr constant (B) and NDE (Δε/F2) are compared and contrasted. A few models have been used to calculate R with limited success. Not only can ED be used with smaller molecules but it should also be a potential tool to study polymer solutions and supramolecular assemblies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".