Mechanical properties of hybrid fibre-reinforced concrete – analytical modelling and experimental behaviour
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mechanical properties of hybrid fibre-reinforced concrete (HFRC) are studied and the role of constituent fibres on overall response of HFRC is investigated. HFRC was produced using different proportions of hooked-ended steel, crimped polypropylene and plain Kevlar fibres with a total fibre volume fraction of 1·2% and 1·4%. The test results indicate that the incorporation of hybrid fibres in concrete improve the compressive and tensile strengths moderately and toughness considerably. Analytical models are developed to quantify the effect of individual fibres on compressive and tensile strengths, stress–strain curves and flexural toughness ratio of HFRC in terms of a comprehensive fibre reinforcing index. The proposed models show a marked improvement over existing models. The existing models are for single (steel) fibres only, whereas the proposed models are general and applicable to HFRC containing any number of fibres.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".