Demography and reproductive performance of <i>Calystegia soldanella</i> on a sandy seashore in Tuscany, Italy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Calystegia soldanella (L.) R.Br. is a psammophyte growing in the coastal foredunes of temperate areas. We investigated its demography and reproductive performance, to improve the in situ and ex situ management of the species as an essential element in planning the stabilization of the shoreline. The studied population is located in northwestern Tuscany, Italy. Demographic data were recorded in 20 quadrats from May to October 2009. Self-pollination ability has been tested by wrapping flower buds in cotton lint. Seeds traits (length, width, depth, shape index, mass, and water content), flotation ability, and germination percentage have been determined on seeds collected from the study site. The presence of C. soldanella seeds in the soil seed bank has been investigated by sifting the sand of 30 soil core samples. Our results showed that ramet density decreases during summer, mainly owing to drought. Predation reduces ramet size especially in spring and autumn, but rarely fatally, having the greatest impact on flower removal and, therefore, in decreasing the population’s genetic variability. Self-pollination does not occur and the percentage of reproductive ramets increases with their size. Tested seeds were able to float on water and germinated to 100%. No C. soldanella seeds were observed in the soil core samples. While suggesting useful indications for the management of the investigated population, our results provide a guideline for a more comprehensive study about the management of C. soldanella.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".