Local Survival Rates of Common Murres Breeding in Witless Bay, Newfoundland
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The common murre (Uria aalge) is the largest living auk and one of the most abundant marine birds breeding in the north Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Nettleship and Evans 1985). Humans have a long history of using murres (both common and thick-billed U. lomvia) as an important source of eggs and meat; more recently, murre populations have been threatened by a variety of anthropogenic activities (Ainley et al. 2002). Current pressures on common murre populations in the Northwest Atlantic include legal hunts in Canada and Greenland (Elliot 1991), being killed by chronic oil pollution along the shipping routes off Newfoundland (Wiese and Robertson 2004), and incidental capture in various types of fishing gear (Piatt and Nettleship 1987). The hunt of murres (locally called turrs) in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, is unique in North America, as the only nonaboriginal hunt of a seabird. This hunt was retained in the province as part of the terms of joining Canada in 1949 on the basis that the murres were an important winter protein source for rural Newfoundlanders (Elliot 1991). Recent amendments to the Migratory Birds Convention Act make provisions for the Newfoundland and Labrador murre hunt to be regulated as any other game bird harvest in Canada. In spite of harvests and other threats faced by common murres, little demographic information is available for this species outside of Europe (Ainley et al. 2002). The purpose of our study was to estimate local adult survival rates of common murres breeding in a large colony in Newfoundland from 1996–2003. We collected data from a small study plot of marked birds that was monitored as part of in-depth behavioral studies (Wilhelm 2004, Moody et al. 2005). As all marked individuals could be sexed behaviorally, we were able to examine possible sex differences in local survival rates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".