Enhancing Seismic Flexural Resistance of Historic Masonry Walls using Carbon Fiber Rope
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Earthquake damage to historic masonry buildings has shown the vulnerability of perimeter walls to out-of-plane failure. A common failure mechanism of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings subject to earthquakes is out-of-plane collapse of the façade either as a result of insufficient flexural strength or due to cracking away from transverse walls and/or floors which provide lateral support. Although the role of transverse walls as bracing elements for the façade walls is very important and suitable connections should exist to spread the horizontal seismic forces among the resisting transverse walls, this paper focuses on the flexural strength of the wall itself. A new seismic rehabilitation technique for historic masonry façades, which utilizes epoxy impregnated carbon fiber rope (CFRP) mounted near the surface of the façade walls, is introduced to enhance the out-of-plane bending capacity. The technique was evaluated under both monotonic and quasi-static cyclic loading conditions. The test results demonstrated the high efficiency of the proposed technique. Significant increases in ultimate capacities, deformability, and energy dissipation were achieved for various reinforcing schemes compared to the behavior of similar unreinforced specimens.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".