Frequency of osteomalacia in elderly patients with hip fractures.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of Osteomalacia and biochemical abnormalities in patients with hip fracture who presented at our Institution. METHODS: All patients with operatively treated hip fractures (Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi from June 1996 to June 2001) were included. The total number of patients was 168 with 59 males and 109 females. Eighty nine patients presented with intracapsular hip fracture and 79 had Intertrochanteric fractures. All fracture types and grade of osteoporosis were determined. Laboratory investigations included Serum Calcium, Phosphorus and Alkaline phosphatase. During surgery, small amount of curetted cancellous bone from fracture site was sent for histopathology. An elaborate questionnaire was completed for every patient. RESULTS: The average age of patients with hip fractures was 61 years with 94.5% of the female patients being postmenopausal. Most of the patients (94%) had low velocity trauma. Singh's index for most of the fractures was grade II (n=48) and grade III (n=65). About one fourth of the patients showed abnormal values of serum Calcium, Phosphorus and Alkaline Phosphatase. Bone biopsy showed osteomalacia to be present in 13 patients (7.7 %). Among these 13 patients, 6 had abnormal values of Serum Calcium, Phosphorus and Alkaline phosphatase. Out of these 13 patients, 4 were male and eight out of nine females were postmenopausal. CONCLUSION: Frequency of osteomalacia in cases of hip fractures was found with no association with known risk factors. Bone histopathology was the gold standard of diagnosis and biochemical markers like serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphates were not very helpful.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".