Differential stimulation of VEGF-C production by adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins and plant lectins in human breast cancer cells.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
UNLABELLED: The present study tested the hypothesis that the production of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C), a key lymphangiogenic factor, by human breast cancer cells can be stimulated by human lectins, using plant lectins as controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effects of human galectins and five plant lectins reacting with distinct determinants of N- and O-glycans on the accumulation of VEGF-C in serum-free cell culture media of human breast cancer cells endowed with high (MDA-MB-231) and low (MCF7, T-47D, and SK-BR-3) VEGF-C-producing abilities were examined. RESULTS: All tested lectins stimulated VEGF-C production by MDA-MB-231 cells, albeit with different potency. Concanavalin A, but not galectins, was also able to stimulate VEGF-C production by low VEGF-C-producing cell lines MCF7 and T-47D. Both VEGF-C mRNA and protein were strongly up-regulated in SK-BR-3 cells by concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin, but not jacalin. CONCLUSION: The differential response of breast cancer cell lines separated by the endogenous level of VEGF-C production suggests that galectins may contribute to tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis in a cell-specific manner.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".