Bibliographic record
Abstract
T he first COI sequences from European material of Batrachospermum helminthosum and B. gelatinosum are presented and compared with equivalent data from North America. The variation between the continents was 53 bp (8%) and 10 bp (1.5%), respectively for the two species, suggesting cryptic diversity in at least the former species. Polysiphonia hemisphaerica from Norway and P. boldii from Texas differed by 8b p( 1.2%). Ah ybrid tetrasporophyte produced from ac ross between these two species revealed COI sequence identical with that of the female parent, demonstrating uniparental inheritance of mitochondria. Ptilota serrata and P. gunneri ,w hich can be difficult to distinguish morpholo- gically, were 38 bp (5.7%) different with no intraspecific variation. Sequences for as pecies temporarily labeled as P. serrata sp.1 from eastern Canada in The Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD), were identical with that for P. gunneri from Norway. The morphologi- cally similar species Plumaria plumosa is represented by triploid parasporangial plants and sexually reproducing plants that are geographically separated, with only the asexual phase at the northern part of the range. The two phases had COI sequences that differed by 4b p. Sequences of the invasive species Gracilaria vermiculophylla from France and the Russian Far East (Vladivostok) were identical and similar to the reported invasive haplotype from elsewhere. In addition, COI sequences obtained for Heterosiphonia japonica and Anti- thamnion hubbsii from introduced populations in Norway are presented. COI /D NA barcoding /r ed algae /s pecies identification /R hodophyta / Batrachospermum / Ptilota / Plumaria / Polysiphonia hemisphaerica / Polysiphonia boldii / Gracilaria vermiculophylla / Heterosiphonia japonica / Antithamnion hubbsii
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".