Isomerization of 5-Hydroxy-5-methylhydantoin 2′-Deoxynucleoside into α-Furanose, β-Furanose, α-Pyranose, and β-Pyranose Anomers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Oxidative damage is one of the most frequent types of DNA damage resulting from biologically generated oxygen or nitrogen reactive species. Hydroxyl radicals, one electron oxidants, and various chemical oxidants, such as permanganate and ozone, react with pyrimidine bases in DNA, cytosine and thymine, to produce 5-hydroxyhydantoin derivatives. 5-Hydroxyhydantoin modifications are interesting because they undergo ring-chain tautomerism into a pair of diastereomers via an open chain carbonyl intermediate. Here, we show that purified diastereomers of N1-(2-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-5-hydroxy-5-methylhydantoin not only undergo isomerization into a mixture of 5R and 5S diastereomers of the hydantoin ring but also into three additional pairs of diastereomers, in which the sugar moiety transforms into α-furanose, β-pyranose, and α-pyranose anomers. The novel 5-hydroxy-5-methylhydantoin derivatives were characterized by extensive NMR analyses. Further studies indicate that isomerization is greatly suppressed at pH 6 compared to that at higher pH. A novel mechanism of isomerization is proposed to account for the formation of nucleoside anomers at neutral pH, which involves ring-chain tautomerism of both the hydantoin and sugar moieties. Last, the isomerization of β-furanose into the corresponding α-furanose is shown to take place in purified DNA, albeit to a slower extent than that in solution. The ability of 5-hydroxyhydantoin nucleosides to undergo isomerization may complicate the biological processing of this damage in cellular DNA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".