Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mining has been central to the Canadian economy for over 100 years and Canada is a supplier of mineral commodities worldwide.The long history of mining in Canada has resulted in more than 10,000 orphaned and abandoned mine (OAMs) sites requiring varying degrees of rehabilitation.The legacy of OAMs, with the associated environmental liability, human health concerns and the financial costs of clean up, is a serious issue facing Canada.OAMs exist within all mining jurisdictions in Canada.The National Orphaned/Abandoned Mines Initiative (NOAMI) was established in 2002 and is a co-operative Canadian program that is guided by an Advisory Committee consisting of the mining industry, federal/provincial/territorial governments, environmental non-government organizations (NGOs) and Aboriginal Canadians.The advisory committee's role is to assess key issues and put forward recommendations concerning collaborative approaches and partnerships in the implementation of remediation programs across Canada.Five task groups were established to examine key issues.These consist of information gathering (towards an inventory and national definition), funding approaches, and legislative barriers to collaboration, community involvement, and guidelines to legislative and jurisdictional review.Canada is well known for establishing multistakeholder initiatives to address issues of national importance.This model of cooperation among industry, various levels of government, NGOs and/or Aboriginal Canadians is now being used internationally.NOAMI is a good example of diverse stakeholders coming together to address the legacy of past mining practices and to advance the objectives of sustainable development.Several provinces in Canada have already taken significant steps to address abandoned mines in their respective jurisdictions, and the information garnered from these activities will be invaluable in addressing these issues on a national scale.This paper presents an overview of the issues surrounding abandoned mines in Canada, and national and provincial programs that have been initiated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".