Metal contamination and potential toxicity of sediment from lock gate port in South Korea
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Choi, K.Y., Kim, S.H., Hong, G.H., Kim, C.J., 2013. Assessment of the metal contamination and potential toxicity of sediment from artificially closed system port in South Korea.A study was performed to determine the total and potentially bioavailable heavy metal concentrations in sediments from the Port of Incheon, and the differences in contamination for each pier were identified. Metal enrichment factors (EF) suggested that contamination with Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Hg was occurring at the port. Ni, Cu and Zn concentrations exceeded the effect range low level at most sampling sites according to U.S. NOAA sediment quality guidelines (SQGs). The potential toxicity of metals was determined by 1M HCl extractions. Large portions of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb were present as potentially bioavailable fractions (1M HCl extractable fractions) and they were introduced from anthropogenic activities. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed in order to assess the sources of contamination of the sediment and the influence of anthropogenic activities on sediment quality. Two PCA factors were obtained for identifying the sampling sites affected by anthropogenic activities. Patterns of sediment contamination at each pier were classified, and the results showed that Cu–Zn–Cd–Pb–Hg and Ni were the main components.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".